The course has two learning goals both linked to intellectual leadership, the ability to lead in interpreting situations, seeing opportunities where others don’t even look, and thinking through possible pathways towards jointly beneficial futures. These two goals are:
- study historical evolution in terms of human and organisational actors responding to opportunities in their environment in ways that pioneered entirely new industries and forms of business.
- Writing an essay that demonstrates that the student has ideas and is able to communicate these in a persuasive way.

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHOD(S) USED IN THIS COURSE IS WITH RESERVATION. THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HERE IS BASED ON THE COURSE SETUP PRIOR TO THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS. AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE CRISIS, COURSE COORDINATORS MAY BE FORCED TO CHANGE THE TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS USED. THE MOST UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE TEACHING/ASSESSMENT METHOD(S) WILL BE AVAILABLE IN THE COURSE SYLLABUS.

We study a path-breaking historical development in one or more leading industrial capitalist nations during the second industrial revolution. We zoom in on business activities and their outcomes, and we zoom out to the historical and national context in which these events have taken place. Looking back at history can be concretely informative since much what exists now has its roots in the past. But studying history is also a way of developing creative notions about how humans interact with their business environment in a situation of pervasive uncertainty. This can broaden our mental scope in dealing with our own uncertain world. This may well be the most important learning to develop in our course.

Book and / or selected articles about business history with emphasis on the second industrial revolution.

- This is a reading course for literate students with an excellent command of the English language in reading, writing, and conversation. I have to say that the reading load is quite considerable.
- Attendance in the first two meetings of the course is mandatory. You get introduced to tutor, fellow students, and the educational approach. Failure to attend both meetings implies course failure.